Assets

• All Explore readings
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• 1.0. Background Information for Understanding the New Testament
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• 1.1. Cities and Towns Mentioned in the New Testament
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• 1.2. Coins Mentioned in the New Testament
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• 1.3. Roman Emperors of the New Testament Period
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• 1.4. Roman Rulers in Palestine: New Testament References
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• 1.5. Bibliography: The New Testament Background: The Roman World
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• 1.6. Centurions in the New Testament
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• 1.7. Major Philosophical Schools
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• 1.8. Artemis of the Ephesians
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• 1.9. Slavery in the Roman World (Box 23.2)
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• 1.10. Two Roman Writers: Suetonius and Tacitus
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• 1.11. Two Jewish Writers: Philo and Josephus
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• 1.12. Pontius Pilate in History and Ancient Literature
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• 1.13. Herod and the Temple (Box 1.1)
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• 1.14. Tacitus on the Pax Romana: Whose Pax? (Box 1.2)
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• 1.15. Ovid on Abortion in the Roman Empire
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• 1.16. Josephus on the Destruction of Jerusalem
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• 1.17. Pliny the Younger on Persecution of Christians
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• 1.18. Church and State: The Ethic of Resistance
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• 1.19. Church and State: The Ethic of Subordination
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• 1.20. Church and State: The Ethic of Critical Distancing
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• 2.0. Background Information for Understanding the New Testament
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• 2.1. Basic New Testament Chronology (Box 2.1)
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• 2.2. Pharisees and Sadducees (Box 2.3)
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• 2.3. New Testament References to Samaritans
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• 2.4. Bibliography: The New Testament Background: The Jewish World
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• 2.5. Dead Sea Scrolls
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• 2.6. The Septuagint
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• 2.7. Aramaic Expressions in the New Testament
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• 2.8. Commerce in the New Testament Period
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• 2.9. The Jesus Boat: A Glimpse into the World of First-Century Fishermen
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• 2.10. Two Jewish Writers: Philo and Josephus
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• 2.11. Caiaphas
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• 2.12. The Shema (Box 2.2)
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• 2.13. Tales of Heroism and Martyrdom from the Time of Antiochus IV Epiphanes
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• 2.14. Quotation from the Mishnah (Box 2.4)
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• 2.15. Christians and the Apocrypha
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• 2.16. After the New Testament: Writings of Early Christianity
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• 3.0. Bibliography: Different Approaches to New Testament Studies
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• 3.1. Bibliography: Biblical Interpretation (General)
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• 3.2. Bibliography: Archaeology
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• 3.3. Bibliography: Feminist Interpretation of Scripture
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• 3.4. The Art of Reading
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• 3.5. Justin Martyr on Christian Worship in the Second Century (Box 3.1)
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• 3.6. New Testament Canon: The Early Lists
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• 3.7. From Jesus to Us: Six Stages in the Transmission of the Gospel Tradition (Box 3.2)
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• 3.8. Tradition and Framework: Composition of the Gospels and Acts
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• 3.9. Text Criticism: Determining the Original Reading of the Text
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• 3.10. Source Criticism of the Gospels and Acts
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• 3.11. Form Criticism of the Gospels and Acts
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• 3.12.Redaction Criticism of the Gospels
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• 3.13. Narrative Criticism of the Gospels and Acts
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• 3.14. Rhetorical Criticism
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• 3.15. Reader-Response Criticism
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• 4.0. Bibliography: The Historical Jesus
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• 4.1. Bibliography: New Testament Christology
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• 4.2. The Kingdom of God in the Teaching of Jesus (Box 4.2)
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• 4.3. Some Sayings in Jesus (Box 5.7)
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• 4.4. Parables in the Gospels (Box 5.3)
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• 4.5. Miracles of Jesus Reported in the Four Gospels (Box 5.5)
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• 4.6. Four Pictures of Jesus (Box 5.1)
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• 4.7. Death of Jesus in Each of the Four Gospels
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• 4.8. Images and Titles for Jesus in the New Testament (Box 4.4)
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• 4.9. Jesus as God: New Testament References (Box 4.5)
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• 4.10. What Does "Son of Man" Mean?
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• 4.11. Jesus and Ethics
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• 4.12. References to Jesus in Non-Christian Literature
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• 4.13. The Enlightenment Historical Skepticism and Religious Faith
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• 4.14. Early Lives of Jesus: An Adventure in Scholarship
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• 4.15. Quests for the Historical Jesus: Highlights in the History of the Discipline
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• 4.16. Criteria for Historical Criticism
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• 4.17. Modern Biographies of Jesus
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• 4.18. A Historian's Biography of Jesus: An Excerpt (Box 4.3)
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• 4.19. Did Jesus Exist?
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• 4.20. Historical Jesus Studies and Christian Apologetics
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• 4.21. Psychological Studies of the Historical Jesus
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• 4.22. The Historical Significance of Jesus (Box 4.1)
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• 5.0. Bibliography: The Gospels (General)
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• 5.1. Bibliography: Infancy Narratives
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• 5.2. Bibliography: Parables
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• 5.3. Bibliography: Miracle Stories
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• 5.4. Bibliography: Passion Narratives
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• 5.5. Bibliography: Resurrection Narratives
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• 5.6. Bibliography: Individual Gospel Characters
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• 5.7. Four Pictures of Jesus (Box 5.1)
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• 5.8. Sayings of Jesus: Some Examples (Box 5.7)
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• 5.9. Pronouncement Stories in the Gospels: Some Examples (Box 5.6)
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• 5.10. Parables in the Gospels (Box 5.3)
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• 5.11. Miracle Stories in the Gospels (Box 5.5)
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• 5.12. The Dying Words of Jesus (Box 5.8)
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• 5.13. What Happens When Jesus Dies?
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• 5.14. People in the Gospels
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• 5.15. Characteristics of Ancient Biographies (Box 5.2)
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• 5.16. Plutarch on the Purpose of Writing a Biography
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• 5.17. The Gospels and Apostolic Authorship (Box 5.9)
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• 5.18. A Jewish Perspective on Parables (Box 5.4)
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• 5.19. A Nonbiblical Exorcism Story
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• 5.20. Parables as Allegories
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• 5.21. The Inexhaustible Meaning of Parables (Comment from Origen)
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• 5.22. The Gospel: Four Stages
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• 5.23. Literary Characteristics of Parables
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• 5.24. Genre of a Healing Story
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• 5.25. Miracles and the Modern Mind
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• 5.26. Suggested Solutions to the Synoptic Puzzle (Box 5.1)
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• 5.27. Evidence to Support the Two-Source Hypothesis
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• 5.28. The Q Source in Contemporary Scholarship
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• 5.29. Contents of Q: Material in Matthew and Luke but Not in Mark (Box 5.11)
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• 5.30. Material Unique to Matthew's Gospel (Box 6.1)
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• 5.31. Material Unique to Luke's Gospel (Box 8.1)
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• 5.32. Material Unique to Mark's Gospel (Box 7.4)
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• 5.33. Expanding Mark: How Matthew and Luke Arranged Their Gospels
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• 5.34. Evidence to Support the Farrer Theory
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• 5.35. Evidence to Support the Two-Gospel Hypothesis
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• 5.36. Healing Stories in the Gospels (Comments from Church Tradition)
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• 5.37. Gospel Miracles in a Fourth-Century Song Hymn 9 by Prudentius
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• 6.0. Matthew: Outline of Contents
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• 6.1. Content Summary: Expanded Overview of the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.2. Material Unique to Matthew's Gospel (Box 6.1)
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• 6.3. Passages from Mark Omitted by Matthew
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• 6.4. Parallels between the Sermon on the Mount and the New Testament Epistles
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• 6.5. Women in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.6. Worship in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.7. Matthew in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 6.8. Bibliography: The Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.9. Distinctive Characteristics of Matthew's Gospel
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• 6.10. Two Christmas Stories: Similarities and Differences
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• 6.11. Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.12. The Disciples of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.13. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.14. The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.15. The Twelve Disciples
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• 6.16. The Presence of God in the Gospel of Matthew (Box 6.3)
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• 6.17. Jesus as the Son of God in Matthew's Gospel
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• 6.18. Disciples of Jesus as People of Little Faith in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.19. Fear, Joy, Worship, and Doubt in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.20. The Church in Matthew
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• 6.21. The Theme of Understanding in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.22. Binding and Loosing in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.23. How to Interpret the Scriptures according to Matthew
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• 6.24. The Religious Leaders of Israel in Matthew's Narrative
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• 6.25. The Bias against Gentiles in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.26. Jewish Responsibility for the Death of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
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• 6.27. Variations on the Golden Rule
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• 6.28. Community Rules (Box 6.4)
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• 6.29. The Mocking of the Righteous in Wisdom and in Matthew
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• 6.30. Matthew 3.4--John's Clothing and Diet (Church Tradition)
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• 6.31. Matthew 3.16--Why a Dove? (Church Tradition)
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• 6.32. Matthew 3.17--Quoting God: Why the Gospels Differ
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• 6.33. Matthew 4.1-11--Temptation of Jesus and of Adam and Eve
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• 6.34. Matthew 5.27-30--Plucking Out Eyes and Cutting Off Hands (Tradition and Literature)
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• 6.35. Matthew 6.9-13--The Lord's Prayer in Martin Luther's Small Catechism
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• 6.36. Matthew 10.16--Emulating Serpents and Doves
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• 6.37. Matthew 11.11--The Greatest Man Who Ever Lived
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• 6.38. Matthew 13.31-32--Why a Mustard Seed? (Comments from Church Tradition)
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• 6.39. Authorship of Matthew's Gospel
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• 6.40. The Community of Matthew Clues from the Gospel Itself
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• 6.41. The Structure of Matthew's Gospel: Two Views
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• 6.42. Salvation History in Matthew's Gospel: Two Views
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• 6.43. Matthew's Use of Mark (Box 6.2)
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• 6.44. Expanding Mark: How Matthew and Luke Arranged Their Gospels
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• 6.45. Theological Interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount
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• 6.46. Matthew's Beatitudes: A New Interpretation
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• 6.47. The Lord's Prayer
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• 6.48. Matthew 1.18-25--A Hymn to Honor Bethlehem
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• 6.49. Matthew 2.1-12--A Carol about the Bethlehem Star
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• 6.50. Matthew 2.1-12--Visit of the Magi
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• 6.51. Matthew 2.16-18--Slaughter of the Innocents in English Literature
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• 6.52. Matthew 4.1-11--Jesus Quotes Scripture to Satan (and Vice Versa)
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• 6.53. Matthew 4.8-10--Satan's Offer to Christ in Milton's Paradise Regained
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• 6.54. Matthew 5.13--Salt of the Earth and the Rolling Stones
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• 6.55. Matthew 7.1-2--Measure for Judgment
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• 6.56. Matthew 8.24-33--Jesus Walks on Water
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• 6.57. Matthew 10.16--"Wise as Serpents" in Twentieth-Century Literature
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• 6.58. Matthew 10.34--Not Peace but a Sword
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• 6.59. Matthew 12.22-25--A House Divided
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• 6.60. Matthew 18.10-14--Lost Sheep
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• 6.61. Matthew 18.20--Where Two or Three Gather
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• 6.62. Matthew 18.21-22--Seventy Times Seven
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• 6.63. Matthew 19.13-15--Suffer the Little Children
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• 6.64. Matthew 19.30--Last Shall Be First (English Poetry)
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• 6.65. Lightning That Flashes from the East
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• 6.66. Matthew 25.31-46--The Corporal Works of Mercy
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• 6.67. Matthew 25.31-46--Sheep and Goats in the Chorus of a Pop Song
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• 7.0. Mark: Outline of Contents
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• 7.1. Content Summary: Expanded Overview of the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.2. Material Unique to Mark's Gospel (Box 7.4)
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• 7.3. Women in the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.4. Worship in the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.5. Mark in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 7.6. Bibliography: Gospel of Mark
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• 7.7. Distinctive Characteristics of Mark's Gospel
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• 7.8. Three Prominent Rhetorical Devices in Mark's Gospel
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• 7.9. Intercalation in the Gospel of Mark (Box 7.5)
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• 7.10. The Way of the Cross (Box 7.6)
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• 7.11. The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.12. When Will Jesus Return?
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• 7.13. The Twelve Disciples
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• 7.14. The Disciples of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.15. The Crucifixion of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.16. Papias on the Gospel of Mark (Box 7.1)
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• 7.17. John Mark in the Early Church (Box 7.2)
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• 7.18. Emotions of Jesus
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• 7.19. Mark 1.4--Purpose of John's Baptism (Church Tradition)
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• 7.20. Mark 1.6--John's Clothing and Diet (Church Tradition)
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• 7.21. Mark 1.10--Why a Dove? (Church Tradition)
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• 7.22. Mark 1.11--Quoting God: Why the Gospels Differ
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• 7.23. Mark 4.30-32--Why a Mustard Seed? (Comments from Church Tradition)
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• 7.24. Mark 5.1-20--The Great Pig Massacre (Comments from Church Tradition)
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• 7.25. Mark 6.17-29--Debauchery Abounds in the Beheading of John (Comments from Church Tradition)
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• 7.26. Mark 9:42-48--Plucking Out Eyes and Cutting Off Hands (in Tradition and Literature)
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• 7.27. Possible Sources for Mark's Gospel (Box 7.3)
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• 7.28. The Messianic Secret in Mark's Gospel
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• 7.29. Was There a "Secret Gospel" of Mark?
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• 7.30. Mark 1.21-28--Exorcism and Teaching in the Gospel of Mark
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• 7.31. Mark 13--A Composite of Two Tracts (Eschatological Discourse)
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• 7.32. Mark 16:8 (Abrupt Ending of Mark)--Did Jesus's Disciples Ever Learn of the Resurrection?
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• 7.33. Mark 5:1-20--Exorcism of Legion
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• 7.34. Mark 6.47-52--Jesus Walks on Water
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• 7.35. Mark 10:13-16--Suffer the Little Children
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• 7.36. Mark 10:46-52--Blind Bartimaeus (English Poetry)
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• 8.0. Luke: Outline of Contents
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• 8.1. Content Summary: Expanded Overview of the Gospel of Luke
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• 8.2. Material Unique to Luke's Gospel (Box 8.1)
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• 8.3. Passages from Mark Omitted by Luke
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• 8.4. Women in the Gospel of Luke
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• 8.5. Worship in the Gospel of Luke
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• 8.6. Luke in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 8.7. Bibliography: The Gospel of Luke
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• 8.8. Distinctive Characteristics of Luke's Gospel
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• 8.9. Parallel Stories of Jesus and John the Baptist in Luke
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• 8.10. Two Christmas Stories: Similarities and Differences
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• 8.11. Male-Female Parallels in the Gospel of Luke (Box 8.4)
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• 8.12. Salvation in the Gospel of Luke (Box 8.6)
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• 8.13. Luke's Use of "Today" (Box 8.5)
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• 8.14. The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke
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• 8.15. Parallels between Luke's Gospel and the Book of Acts (Box 10.4)
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• 8.16. Gabriel the Angel
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• 8.17. The Twelve Disciples
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• 8.18. Zacchaeus
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• 8.19. Jesus as Messiah, Lord, and Savior
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• 8.20. Jesus as the Promised One
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• 8.21. Jesus as Son and Servant in Luke
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• 8.22. Pagan Images for Jesus in the Gospel of Luke
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• 8.23. The Journey Motif in Luke
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• 8.24. The Centrality of Jerusalem in Luke-Acts (Box 10.5)
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• 8.25. Jesus's Example of Frequent, Fervent Prayer (Comments from Eusebius)
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• 8.26. Luke 3:2-3--Purpose of John's Baptism (Church Tradition)
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• 8.27. Luke 3:21-22--Why a Dove (Church Tradition)
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• 8.28. Luke 3:22--Quoting God: Why the Gospels Differ
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• 8.29. Luke 4:1-13--Temptation of Jesus and of Adam and Eve
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• 8.30. Luke 7:28--The Greatest Man Who Ever Lived?
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• 8.31. Luke 13:18-19--Why a Mustard Seed? (Comments from Church Tradition)
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• 8.32. Luke 16:19-31--Rich Man and Lazarus
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• 8.33. Authorship of Luke's Gospel
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• 8.34. The Community of Luke: Clues from the Gospel and Acts
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• 8.35. Luke's Use of Mark (Box 8.2)
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• 8.36. Expanding Mark: How Matthew and Luke Arranged Their Gospels
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• 8.37. Luke 2.14--Peace on Earth for Whom?
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• 8.38. Luke 11.2-4--The Lord's Prayer
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• 8.39. Luke 22.14-34--The Last Supper and Other Suppers in the Gospel of Luke
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• 8.40. Luke 1.46-55--The World's First Advent Hymn
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• 8.41. Was Mary's Magnificat Banned in Guatemala?
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• 8.42. Excerpt from a Christmas Eve Sermon by Martin Luther (Box 8.3)
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• 8.43. Luke 2.14--Ancient and Modern Poems
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• 8.44. Luke 4.1-13--Jesus Quotes Scripture to Satan (and Vice Versa)
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• 8.45. Luke 4.5-8--Satan's Offer to Christ in Milton's Paradise Regained
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• 8.46. Luke 9.62--Thomas Hardy and a Gospel Song
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• 8.47. Luke 10.38-42--A Children's Song
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• 8.48. Luke 13.6-9--Barren Fig Tree
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• 8.49. Luke 15.4-7--Lost Sheep
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• 8.50. Luke 15.11-32--The Prodigal Son by James Weldon Johnson
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• 8.51. Luke 15.11-32--Parable of the Prodigal Son
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• 8.52. Luke 16.19-31--Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus
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• 8.53. Luke 16.19-31--Frederick Douglass on the Rich Man and Lazarus
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• 8.54. Luke 18.15-17--Suffer the Little Children
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• 9.0. John: Outline of Contents
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• 9.1. Content Summary: Expanded Overview of the Gospel of John
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• 9.2. John in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 9.3. Bibliography: The Gospel of John
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• 9.4. Distinctive Characteristics of John's Gospel
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• 9.5. The Beloved Disciple in John's Gospel (Box 9.3)
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• 9.6. Two Books in One (Box 9.1)
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• 9.7. Comparison of John and the Synoptic Gospels
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• 9.8. Material Not Found in John's Gospel (Box 9.6)
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• 9.9. Some Stories about Jesus Unique to John's Gospel (Box 9.5)
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• 9.10. Symbolism in the Gospel of John
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• 9.11. Misunderstanding in the Gospel of John
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• 9.12. The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of John
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• 9.13. Caiaphas
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• 9.14. Nicodemus
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• 9.15. The Apostle John in the New Testament (Box 9.2)
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• 9.16. Three Persons Named John
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• 9.17. An Inner Circle: Peter, James, and John
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• 9.18. Possible Sources for John's Gospel (Box 9.4)
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• 9.19. Competition among the Pillars
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• 9.20 .A Nazi Version of John's Gospel
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• 9.21. John 1.51--Allusion to Jacob's Ladder
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• 9.22. John 3.2--Nicodemus
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• 9.23. John 4.1-42--Woman at the Well
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• 9.24. John 5.2-9--Healing at Beth-zatha
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• 9.25. John 6.16-21--Jesus Walks on Water
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• 9.26. John 11.1-53--Raising of Lazarus
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• 10.0. Acts: Outline of Contents
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• 10.1. Content Summary: Expanded Overview of the Book of Acts
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• 10.2. Acts in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 10.3. Bibliography: The Book of Acts
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• 10.4. Distinctive Characteristics of the Book of Acts
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• 10.5. The "We" Passages in the Book of Acts
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• 10.6. Parallels between Luke's Gospel and the Book of Acts (Box 10.4)
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• 10.7. Roman Rulers Mentioned in the Book of Acts
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• 10.8. Speeches in the Book of Acts
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• 10.9. Miracles in Acts
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• 10.10. Salvation in the Book of Acts (Box 10.6)
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• 10.11. Church of Joy (Box 10.7)
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• 10.12. People in the Book of Acts
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• 10.13. Apollos
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• 10.14. Barnabas
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• 10.15. James and the Other Brothers of Jesus (Box 25.1)
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• 10.16. Philip the Evangelist (or Philip the Deacon)
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• 10.17. The Twelve Disciples
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• 10.18. The Name of Jesus in the Book of Acts
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• 10.19. The Ministry of Peter in the Book of Acts
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• 10.20. The Centrality of Jerusalem in Luke-Acts (Box 10.5)
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• 10.21. How to Write Speeches (Thucydides) (Box 10.3)
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• 10.22. Prison Conditions in the Roman World
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• 10.23. Speaking in Tongues in Acts and 1 Corinthians
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• 10.24. Stoning A Form of Capital Punishment
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• 10.25. Friendship and Sharing (18.6)
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• 10.26. Acts 17.27-28--Paul Quotes the Pagans
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• 10.27. Acts 19.23-41--Temple of Artemis
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• 10.28. Acts 21.37-39--Mistaken for an Egyptian
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• 10.29. The Apostles as “Ordinary Men” (Church Tradition)
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• 10.30. Possible Sources for Acts (Box 10.1)
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• 10.31. The Community of Luke: Clues from the Gospel and Acts
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• 10.32. Potential Discrepancies between the Book of Acts and Paul's Letters (Box 10.2)
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• 10.33. Acts 15:1-32--What to Do with Gentiles (Box 16.6)
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• 10.34. Acts 9--“Conversion” of Paul
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• 10.35. Acts 10.34-35--“No Respecter of Persons” in American Democracy
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• 11.0. Types of Letters and Their Different Functions (Box 11.1)
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• 11.1. Bibliography: New Testament Letters
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• 11.2. Hymns in New Testament Letters (Box 18.2)
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• 11.3. What's the Difference between a Letter and an Epistle?
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• 11.4. Authorship and Pseudepigraphy: Levels of Authenticity (Box 11.2)
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• 11.5. Pseudepigraphy and the Problem of Personal Reference
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• 11.6. Pseudepigraphy as an Affront to Religious Faith
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• 11.7. New Testament Epistles as a Source for Historical Jesus Studies
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• 12.0. Paul's Mission Sites
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• 12.1. Chronology of Paul's Life (Box 12.4)
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• 12.2. Chronology of Paul's Letters (Box 12.5)
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• 12.3. Bibliography: Paul
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• 12.4. Words for Describing Humanity in Paul's Letters
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• 12.5. Effects of the Christ Event (Box 12.6)
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• 12.6. Did Paul Have Bad Eyesight? (Box 16.3)
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• 12.7. What Did Paul Look Like? (Box 12.3)
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• 12.8. Developing a Chronology for Paul
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• 12.9. Sources for Studying Paul's Life and Thought (Box 12.1)
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• 12.10. Paul's "Conversion": A Change of Heart and Mind (Box 12.2)
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• 12.11. The New Perspective on Paul (Box 12.7)
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• 12.12. The New Perspective on Paul: A Brief Essay
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• 12.13. Paul in Christian Legends (Box 15.3)
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• 13.0. Romans: Outline of Contents
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• 13.1. Romans in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 13.2. Bibliography: Romans
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• 13.3. Some Key Verses in Romans (Box 13.5)
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• 13.4. Phoebe, Prisca, Junia (Box 13.4)
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• 13.5. Christianity Comes to Rome (Box 13.2)
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• 13.6. Romans 5.12-19--The Sin of Adam in Romans and 2 Esdras
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• 13.7. Romans 12.4-5--One Body, Many Parts
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• 13.8. The Rhetoric of Romans (Box 13.9)
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• 13.9. Recycling Romans
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• 13.10. Models for Understanding Justification (Box 13.6)
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• 13.11. Adoption as a Metaphor for Salvation
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• 13.12. The New Perspective on Paul: A Brief Essay
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• 13.13. Condemnation of Homosexual Acts (Box 13.3)
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• 13.14. Romans 3:28--The New Perspective on Paul: An Example (Box 13.8)
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• 13.15. Why Not Sin? (Box 13.1)
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• 13.16. Romans 7: Who Is Wretched?
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• 13.17. The End of the Law (Box 13.7)
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• 13.18. Romans 13.1-7--Church and State: The Ethic of Subordination
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• 13.19. Romans 6.23--The Despair of Doctor Faustus
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• 13.20. Romans 8 in Classic Literature (Box 13.11)
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• 13.21. The Conversion of Augustine (Box 13.1)
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• 14.0. 1 Corinthians: Outline of Contents
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• 14.1. 1 Corinthians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 14.2. Bibliography: 1 Corinthians
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• 14.3. 1 Corinthians 13--King James Version (Box 14.4)
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• 14.4. Point/Counterpoint in 1 Corinthians (Box 14.1)
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• 14.5. Say What? Some Puzzles in 1 Corinthians (Box 14.2)
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• 14.6. Apollos
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• 14.7. Divorce in 1 Corinthians and in the Bible
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• 14.8. Spiritual Gifts in 1 Corinthians and the New Testament
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• 14.9. Speaking in Tongues in 1 Corinthians and Acts
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• 14.10. Corinthian Bronze
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• 14.11. The Body as God's Temple
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• 14.12. On Shunning Fornication
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• 14.13. 1 Corinthians 12.12-27--One Body, Many Parts
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• 14.14. A Practical Question about Resurrection
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• 14.15. 1 Corinthians 7.1-5--A Path to Marital Celibacy
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• 14.16. 1 Corinthians 13.13--Theological Virtues and the Names of Saints
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• 14.17. Correspondence with the Corinthians (Box 15.1)
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• 14.18. 1 Corinthians 3.16, 6.19-20--Temple of God Imagery
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• 14.19. Shakespeare and 1 Corinthians
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• 14.20. What's in a Name? Corinthian Characters in Modern Fiction
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• 14.21. Better to Marry Than to Burn (Box 14.3)
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• 14.22. 1 Corinthians 13 in St Paul's Letter to American Churches
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• 14.23. 1 Corinthians 13.12--Through a Glass Darkly
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• 14.24. 1 Corinthians 13.13--Faith, Hope, Charity
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• 14.25. 1 Corinthians 15.51-52--The Last Trump
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• 14.26. 1 Corinthians 16.22--Not a Curse (or a Drug)
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• 15.0. 2 Corinthians: Outline of Contents
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• 15.1. 2 Corinthians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 15.2. Bibliography: 2 Corinthians
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• 15.3. Collection for Jerusalem
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• 15.4. Plutarch on Self-Commendation (Box 15.4)
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• 15.5. Correspondence with the Corinthians (Box 15.1)
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• 15.6. The Lost Letters: Have They Been Found? (Box 15.2)
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• 15.7. Paul in Christian Legends (Box 15.3)
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• 15.8. 2 Corinthians 11.14--Angels of Light
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• 15.9. Generous Giving: Stewardship Principles from 2 Corinthians
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• 16.0. Galatians: Outline of Contents
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• 16.1. Galatians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 16.2. Bibliography: Galatians
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• 16.3. The Polemic of Galatians (Box 16.4)
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• 16.4. Some Complicated Arguments (Box 16.7)
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• 16.5. Barnabas
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• 16.6. James and the Other Brothers of Jesus (Box 25.1)
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• 16.8. Circumcision in the Biblical Period
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• 16.9. The Incident at Antioch (Box 16.5)
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• 16.10. What to Do with Gentiles (Box 16.6)
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• 16.11. Did Paul Have Bad Eyesight? (Box 16.3)
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• 16.12. Galatians 3.28 in Roman and Jewish Perspective
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• 16.13. Northern and Southern Galatian Theories (Box 16.2)
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• 16.14. Adoption as a Metaphor for Salvation
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• 16.15. The New Perspective on Paul: A Brief Essay
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• 16.16. Does Galatians Contain Twenty-Nine Distinct Damnations?
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• 16.17. Galatians 1.22-23--Persecutor to Proclaimer
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• 16.18. Galatians 2.20--Christ in Me
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• 16.19. Distinctions Cancelled (Box 16.8)
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• 17.0. Ephesians: Outline of Contents
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• 17.1. Ephesians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 17.2. Bibliography: Ephesians
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• 17.3. Parallels between Ephesians and Colossians (Box 17.1)
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• 17.4. Distinctive Aspects of Ephesians (Box 17.2)
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• 17.5. A Life Worthy of the Calling (Box 17.4)
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• 17.6. Ephesians 5.21-6.9 and Other Household Tables in the New Testament
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• 17.7. Artemis of the Ephesians
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• 17.8. Acts 19.23-41--Temple of Artemis
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• 17.9. Ephesians 6.1-4--Parenting Advice from Paul and Ben Sira
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• 17.10. Justification for Haustafeln in the Ten Commandments
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• 17.11. Powerful Spiritual Beings (Box 17.3)
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• 17.12. Authorship of Ephesians
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• 17.13. Literary Siblings: Relationship of Ephesians to Colossians
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• 17.14. The Christian Household (Box 17.5)
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• 18.0. Philippians: Outline of Contents
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• 18.1. Philippians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 18.2. Bibliography: Philippians
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• 18.3. The Christ Hymn (Box 18.4)
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• 18.4. Euodia and Syntyche (Box 18.7)
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• 18.5. Paul in Prison
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• 18.6. Prison Conditions in the Roman World
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• 18.7. Friendship and Sharing (Box 18.6)
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• 18.8. Hymns in New Testament Letters (Box 18.2)
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• 18.9. How Many Letters to Philippi?
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• 18.10. Trouble in Philippi (Box 18.3)
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• 18.11. Bishops and Deacons (Box 18.1)
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• 18.12. Rubbish and Christ (Box 18.5)
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• 19.0. Colossians: Outline of Contents
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• 19.1. Colossians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 19.2. Bibliography: Colossians
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• 19.3. Parallels between Ephesians and Colossians (Box 17.1)
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• 19.4. Colossians and Philemon (Box 19.3)
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• 19.5. Colossians 3.18-4.1 and Other Household Tables in the New Testament
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• 19.6. Archippus the Procrastinator (Box 19.8)
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• 19.7. Hymns in New Testament Letters (Box 18.2)
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• 19.8. Colossians 3.20-21--Parenting Advice from Paul and Ben Sira
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• 19.9. Justification for Haustafeln in the Ten Commandments (Philo)
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• 19.10. Powerful Spiritual Beings (Box 17.3)
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• 19.11. Authorship of Colossians
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• 19.12. Literary Siblings: Relationship of Ephesians to Colossians
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• 19.13. Distinctive Aspects of Colossians (Box 19.4)
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• 19.14. Development of Pauline Ideas in Colossians (Box 19.5)
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• 19.15. Realized Eschatology: What Would Paul Think?
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• 19.16. What Was the Colossian Heresy? (Box 19.2)
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• 19.17. Divine Wisdom and the Colossian Hymn
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• 19.18. Worldwide Evangelism: Is Paul Exaggerating? (Box 19.6)
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• 19.19. Nailed to the Cross (Box 19.1)
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• 19.20. Slaves and Masters (Box 19.7)
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• 19.21. The Letter from Laodicea
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• 19.22. Colossians and the Nicene Creed
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• 20.0. 1 Thessalonians: Outline of Contents
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• 20.1. 1 Thessalonians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 20.2. Bibliography: 1 Thessalonians
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• 20.3. Evangelical Reminders (Box 20.1)
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• 20.4. Tombstone Inscription (Box 20.5)
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• 20.5. Kissing Christians (Box 20.7)
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• 20.6. 1 Thessalonians 1.3, 5.8--Theological Virtues and the Names of Saints
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• 20.7. Faith, Love, and Hope (Box 20.3)
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• 20.8. Faith, Love, and Hope (Box 20.2)
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• 20.9. Good Grief (Box 20.4)
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• 20.10. 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17--Caught Up in the Clouds (Box 20.6)
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• 20.11. 1 Thessalonians 1.2-3--Labor of Love
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• 20.12. 1 Thessalonians 1.3, 5.8--Faith, Hope, Charity
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• 20.13. 1 Thessalonians 4.3-5--Self-Control
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• 21.0. 2 Thessalonians: Outline of Contents
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• 21.1. 2 Thessalonians in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 21.2. Bibliography: 2 Thessalonians
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• 21.3. Christian Freeloaders (Box 21.3)
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• 21.4. Antecedents for an Antichrist
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• 21.5. Authorship of 2 Thessalonians
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• 21.6. What Was the Rumor? (Box 21.1)
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• 21.7. Who (or What) Was the Restrainer? (Box 21.2)
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• 22.0. 1 Timothy: Outline of Contents
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• 22.1. 2 Timothy: Outline of Contents
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• 22.2. Titus: Outline of Contents
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• 22.3. Pastoral Letters in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 22.4. Bibliography: The Pastoral Letters
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• 22.5. Church Leaders in the New Testament
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• 22.6. 1 Timothy 5:3-16--The Office of the Widows (Box 22.6)
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• 22.7. Timothy: A Biographical Sketch (Box 22.1)
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• 22.8. Titus: A Biographical Sketch (Box 22.2)
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• 22.9. Concern for Social Respectability in the Pastoral Letters (Box 22.5)
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• 22.10. Women and Ministry in the Pastoral Letters
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• 22.11. Polemic against False Teachers in the Pastoral Letters
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• 22.12. Titus 1.12--Paul Quotes a Pagan
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• 22.13. Authorship of the Pastoral Letters
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• 22.14. Did Paul Write the Pastorals? Why Doubt It? (Box 22.3)
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• 22.15. The Distinctive Vocabulary of the Pastoral Letters
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• 22.16. Proposed Historical Situations for the Pastoral Letters (Box 22.4)
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• 22.17. Genre of the Pastoral Letters
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• 22.18. What Was the False Teaching Opposed by the Pastoral Letters?
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• 22.19. Married Only Once? (Box 22.7)
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• 22.20. Household Tables in the Pastoral Epistles and Elsewhere in the New Testament
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• 22.21. 1 Timothy 6.10--Root of All Evil
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• 22.22. 1 Timothy 5.17-22--Qualified Elders
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• 23.0. Philemon: Outline of Contents
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• 23.1. Philemon in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 23.2. Bibliography: Philemon
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• 23.3. An All-Star Cast (Box 23.1)
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• 23.4. Colossians and Philemon (Box 19.3)
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• 23.5. Paul in Prison
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• 23.6. Prison Conditions in the Roman World
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• 23.7. New Testament References to Slaves and Slavery
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• 23.8. Slavery in the Roman World (Box 23.2)
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• 23.9. Sanctuary for a Runaway Slave (Box 23.3)
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• 23.10. Where Was Paul When He Wrote to Philemon?
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• 23.11. Paul's Persuasive Tactics in the Letter to Philemon
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• 23.12. Paul Is Witty (Box 23.5)
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• 23.13. Philemon 9--Was Paul an Old Man? (Box 23.4)
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• 23.14. Philemon and Runaway Slaves--An excerpt from Uncle Tom's Cabin (Box 23.6)
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• 24.0. Hebrews: Outline of Contents
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• 24.1. Hebrews in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 24.2. Bibliography: Hebrews
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• 24.3. Two Favorite Terms in Hebrews (Box 24.7)
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• 24.4. Images and Titles for Jesus in Hebrews
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• 24.5. Something Better (Box 24.4)
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• 24.6. The Divine and Human Christ in Hebrews (Box 24.5)
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• 24.7. Hebrews and Paul: Some Parallels
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• 24.8. Perfection in Hebrews (Box 24.6)
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• 24.9. The First Christian Platonist? (Box 24.3)
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• 24.10. Hebrews and the Dead Sea Scrolls
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• 24.11. Hebrews in the Christian Canon
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• 24.12. Authorship of Hebrews
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• 24.13. Structure of Hebrews
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• 24.14. The Audience for the Letter to the Hebrews
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• 24.15. Use of the Old Testament in Hebrews
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• 24.16. Why Don’t the Quotations Match? (Box 24.1)
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• 24.17. Honor and Shame in Hebrews
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• 24.18. Hebrews 6:1-2--The Basics of Faith (Box 24.2)
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• 24.19. Hebrews Humor in Joyce's Finnegan's Wake
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• 24.20. Hebrews 11 and a Demonstration of Aphrahat
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• 25.0. James: Outline of Contents
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• 25.1. James in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 25.2. Bibliography: James
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• 25.3. Parallels between James and the Sermon on the Mount
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• 25.4. Parallels between James and Proverbs
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• 25.5. Propositions about God in the Letter of James (Box 25.5)
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• 25.6. Rich and Poor in James (Box 25.7)
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• 25.7. James and the Other Brothers of Jesus (Box 25.1)
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• 25.8. James and the Wisdom Tradition (Box 25.3)
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• 25.9. James in the Christian Canon
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• 25.10. Jerome on the Authorship of James (Box 25.5)
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• 25.11. An "Epistle of Straw": What Martin Luther Said about James
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• 25.12. Authorship of James
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• 25.13. Was James the Son of Joseph and Mary?
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• 26.0. 1 Peter: Outline of Contents
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• 26.1. 1 Peter in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 26.2. Bibliography: 1 Peter
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• 26.3. Parallels between 1 Peter and Other New Testament Writings (Box 26.2)
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• 26.4. Images for the Church in 1 Peter (Box 26.4)
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• 26.5. 1 Peter 3.1-7 and Other Household Tables in the New Testament
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• 26.6. Silvanus and Mark in 1 Peter (Box 26.3)
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• 26.7. The Weaker Vessel: Women and Wives in 1 Peter (Box 26.5)
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• 26.8. Martyrdom of Peter (Box 26.1)
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• 26.9. Postscript to 1 Peter: Persecution of Bithynia-Pontus (Box 26.6)
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• 26.10. 1 Peter 3.3-5 and Plutarch on the Virtue of Modesty for Women
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• 26.11. 1 Peter in the Christian Canon
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• 26.12. What John Calvin Said about Women as the Weaker Sex
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• 26.13. Authorship of 1 Peter
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• 26.14. Resident Aliens: A Social Class?
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• 26.15. Honor and Shame in 1 Peter
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• 26.16. 1 Peter 2.13-17--Church and State: The Ethic of Subordination
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• 26.17. Descent into Hell
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• 26.18. 1 Peter 1.34-35--All Flesh Is Grass
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• 26.19. 1 Peter 3.18-20 and 4.6--Harrowing of Hell
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• 26.20. 1 Peter 5.8--"Seeking Whom He May Devour"
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• 27.0. 2 Peter: Outline of Contents
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• 27.1. 2 Peter in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 27.2. Bibliography: 2 Peter
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• 27.3. Parallels between Jude and 2 Peter (Box 27.1)
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• 27.4. Godliness and Knowledge in 2 Peter
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• 27.5. Judgment Day in the Bible
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• 27.6. 2 Peter in the Christian Canon
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• 27.7. Barren Fig-Tree: Excerpt from a Sermon by John Bunyan (Box 27.4)
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• 27.8. Authorship of 2 Peter
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• 27.9. Did Peter Write 2 Peter? (Box 27.2)
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• 27.10. 2 Peter as a Testament (Box 27.3)
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• 27.11. Who Were the False Teachers in 2 Peter?
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• 28.0. 1 John: Outline of Contents
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• 28.1. 2 John: Outline of Contents
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• 28.2. 3 John: Outline of Contents
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• 28.3. 1 John in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 28.4. Bibliography: Johannine Letters
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• 28.5. Similarities between the Johannine Letters and the Gospel of John (Box 28.2)
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• 28.6. Affirmation in 1 John (Box 28.5)
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• 28.7. Dualism in 1 John (Box 28.4)
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• 28.8 .Analogous Heresies to the Problem in the Johannine Letters
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• 28.9. 1 John 1.8 in Light of the "Confession of No Sin" in Gnostic Literature
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• 28.10. The Johannine Letters in the Christian Canon
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• 28.11. Authorship of the Johannine Letters
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• 28.12. Three Persons Named John?
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• 28.13. Only One John: The Apostle Who Wrote Five Books
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• 28.14. Who Is the Elect Lady? (Box 28.3)
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• 28.15. Accolades for 1 John (Box 28.1)
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• 28.16. 1 John 1.8--Claim to Have No Sin
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• 28.17. 1 John 2.17--World Is Passing Away
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• 28.18. 3 John 3.2--That You May Prosper
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• 29.0. Jude: Outline of Contents
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• 29.1. Bibliography: Jude
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• 29.2. Parallels between Jude and 2 Peter (Box 27.1)
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• 29.3. Infamous Sinners of the Past in Jude (Box 29.2)
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• 29.4. James and the Other Brothers of Jesus (Box 25.1)
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• 29.5. Keeping and Being Kept: A Motif in the Letter of Jude
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• 29.6. Use of Apocryphal Writings in Jude (Box 29.1)
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• 29.7. Jude in the Christian Canon
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• 29.8. Authorship of Jude
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• 29.9. Which Jude? Jude Confusion in the Bible and in the Church
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• 29.10. Who Were the Troublemakers Denounced by Jude?
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• 29.11. Jude 12--Clouds without Water
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• 30.0. Revelation: Outline of Contents
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• 30.1. Revelation in the Revised Common Lectionary
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• 30.2. Bibliography: Revelation
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• 30.3. Revelation and Other Johannine Writings
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• 30.4. Symbolism in Revelation
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• 30.5. Some Common Features of Apocalypses (Box 30.1)
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• 30.6. Prophetic Literature and Apocalyptic Literature
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• 30.7. Other Apocalypses
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• 30.8. Gematria (Box 30.2)
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• 30.9. 2 Baruch--No Wine Shortage in the Age to Come
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• 30.10. Revelation in the Christian Canon
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• 30.11. Authorship of Revelation
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• 30.12. Three Persons Named John?
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• 30.13. Only One John: The Apostle Who Wrote Five Books
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• 30.14. The Date of Revelation: Clues within the Book Itself?
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• 30.15. Church and State: Revelation as an Example of the Ethic of Resistance
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• 30.16. Millennium, Tribulation, Rapture (Box 30.4)
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• 30.17. Revelation 16.16--Where Is Armageddon? A Biblical Detective Story
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• 30.18. The "Book of Life" in Country Music
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• 30.19. Revelation 4:15-16--In Praise of Lukewarm Religion
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• 30.20. Revelation 13:16-18--Who Might Bear the Number 666? (Box 30.3)
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• 30.21. Revelation 14:19 and The Grapes of Wrath (Box 30.5)
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