Video Introduction

Summary

This chapter offers a brief overview of the contents of Philippians, followed by discussion of historical background and major themes.

In terms of historical background, the letter is written by Paul from prison to the Macedonian congregation in Philippi (often identified as the first Christian church in Europe). It is notable for its especially joyful character, and it serves as a good example of a “friendship letter.” The date of composition depends upon where Paul is thought to have been in prison when the letter was written: if he was in Ephesus, it could be one of his earliest letters, but if he was in Rome, it could be one of his latest.

Theological interest in Philippians centers on the “Christ hymn” quoted by Paul in chapter 2. This liturgical material provides what might be the earliest Christian reference to belief in the incarnation and preexistence of Christ. Paul’s primary interest in quoting the hymn, however, is to encourage the virtue of humility, exemplified by Jesus in taking human form and dying on a cross. Timothy, Epaphroditus, and Paul himself also provide role model examples for this prime virtue. The letter to Philippians also reflects upon the inevitability and potential value of human suffering. Further, it stresses the fellowship that Paul experiences with the Philippian believers.

Study Questions

1. Describe Paul’s relationship with the Philippian church: how and when did he found this congregation, what was their relationship like, and what might have prompted Paul to write to them at this particular time?

2. Outline what the “Christ hymn” details as stages in the career of Christ. Why does Paul cite this hymn as an illustration for the Philippians?

3. What does Paul mean by “humility,” and how might this virtue be expressed in Christian living? List at least three examples Paul offers the Philippians as persons who model this virtue for them.

4. Why should the Philippians view suffering for Christ as a favor or privilege from God?

Explore Readings

These readings provide a chance for you to explore the New Testament in more depth. The boxes from the text are included here, as well as bibliographies and outlines for the books of the New Testament.

All the Explore readings can also be downloaded as PDFs here.

• 18.0. Philippians: Outline of Contents

• 18.1. Philippians in the Revised Common Lectionary

• 18.2. Bibliography: Philippians

• 18.3. The Christ Hymn (Box 18.4)

• 18.4. Euodia and Syntyche (Box 18.7)

• 18.5. Paul in Prison

• 18.6. Prison Conditions in the Roman World

• 18.7. Friendship and Sharing (Box 18.6)

• 18.8. Hymns in New Testament Letters (Box 18.2)

• 18.9. How Many Letters to Philippi?

• 18.10. Trouble in Philippi (Box 18.3)

• 18.11. Bishops and Deacons (Box 18.1)

• 18.12. Rubbish and Christ (Box 18.5)

Video: Suffering